Normally in order to differentiate and recognize the ETHNIC communities and nations, some of their values such as religion, language, literature, customs, norms, and even their race and historical backgrounds are studied. One of the most outstanding subjective and objective examples of recognition and differentiation of the ETHNIC communities and nations is dress. There has not yet been considerable scientific research about dress in our country. The present article is an attempt to open a new chapter in this regard and study such aspects of dress as its symbols, language and literature of dress, semantic of dress as well as national IDENTITY and dress. The method is semantic in this article.  

There are different ideas regarding the origin of Iranian IDENTITY and its components. Composed of several ETHNIC groups, the concept of Iranian nation should also clarify carefully.In modem Iran, there have been tensions, crisis and conflicts over the description and usage of the concepts of ETHNIC groups.In this article, the authors attempt to look at the historical concept of Iran, Iranian IDENTITY regarding the ETHNIC diversity of the country, and to analyze the different aspects. In this regard finally to propose a model of policy to strengthen national IDENTITY in Iran.

Introduction: ETHNIC groups in Esfarayen use different degrees of cultural socialization components. Here, the degree of socialization is expected to be a better predictor of the growth of a sustainable ETHNIC IDENTITY. For ETHNIC groups in Esfarayen, cultural socialization as a multidimensional structure has different components. Examining the direct relationship between cultural socialization and ETHNIC IDENTITY in general proves the finding that there is a strong relationship between the two variables overall. This link between cultural socialization and enduring ETHNIC IDENTITY suggests that some people are stronger than others. Moreover, the components of cultural socialization in Esfarayen help us identify the underlying characteristics that strengthen the link between cultural socialization and enduring ETHNIC IDENTITY. The present study is a multidimensional measure of cultural socialization to assess how specific dimensions of cultural socialization are related to ETHNIC IDENTITY.Method: due to the nature of the study and the data required for this research, a questionnaire was used. The main method of validity testing is to carefully examine the measurement of the concept in terms of its meaning and to question whether or not the measurement instrument is truly measuring the intended concept. This is the nature of careful examination of the method used to determine formal validity. In this study, the formal validity method was used to calculate validity. Thus, in a pretest, the opinion of experts and thinkers in the field was obtained. For this purpose, the questionnaire was presented to several experts in the field of sociology, and content corrections were made and the fit of the variables with the questions was checked. In the next step, after the accuracy of the expressions had been established, the scales and questions were adjusted and subjected to pretesting as questionnaires.Findings: The results showed that sustainable ETHNIC IDENTITY is influenced by cultural socialization and that ETHNIC groups differ in emphasizing IDENTITY stability in this socialization. Thus, it can be concluded that ETHNIC IDENTITY is a dynamic, situational / situational set, and at the same time, in the words of Thomas Ericsson (Erickson, 2016), Cultural socialization can somehow elicit the ETHNIC IDENTITY of individuals in any ETHNIC group and respond to individual aspirations, goals, abilities, beliefs, and history, and is elicited by social factors and constantly reconstructed throughout life.Conclusion:  Among the ETHNIC groups in Esfarayen, these two influences are most evident in the Kormanj ETHNIC group. The statistical results also show the same effect. Therefore, it can be said that socialization factors play a major role among ETHNIC groups. That is, they maintain an ETHNIC IDENTITY while perpetuating the cultural content of ETHNIC groups. This effect can be observed in this multi-ETHNIC city.

Globalization as a process that started in the late twentieth century, which was caused by increasing knowledge and awareness of cultures, some of communication and cooperation in various aspects of political, social, cultural and economic, are undergoing fundamental transformations. communication, diversity and multiplicity of cultures and identities in the communities has been outstanding. Thus, in all human interactions in global efforts to achieve the same IDENTITY that can be effective pro-growth sentiment ETHNICity. In this connection, research has been done. Foundation study on the question of what proportion built between globalization and ETHNIC IDENTITY Azeri public university students in Tehran there. This method of research - descriptive analysis of the survey and data collection, questionnaire and interview, and library resources is valid. Results from data analysis through SPSS 19 software development showed that the globalization process, while the convergence and proximity to other ETHNIC Azeri Iranian ETHNIC groups have followed, but also strengthens ETHNIC IDENTITY is Azeri.

The purpose of the present research is exploring qualitatively, national and ETHNIC IDENTITY in the lifeworld of Baloch student at state universities. In this research, grounded theory has been used as one of the qualitative research methods. The research participants were Masters and Ph. D. Baloch students at state universities. Datas are collected through in-depth interviews. Interviews continued to reach theoretical saturation in the various interviewed subjects. Data analysis was performed using open, axial, and selective coding. In the result of data analysis five categories and a core category was achieved. The categories includes: Multilayer and multiple IDENTITY resources, IDENTITY fluctuation; the movement between national and ETHNIC IDENTITY, the prominence of cultural components and the erosion of the political components of national IDENTITY, Representation of Balochi IDENTITY in relationship with Otherness and othering; Gajar and construction of IDENTITY frontier. The core category is othering of fluid IDENTITY. The findings also showed that the context and sources such as religious position, geographical and ETHNIC location along with conditions such as feeling of political discrimination, ETHNIC discrimination, media stereotyping, social and political status, and negative stereotypes have multiple links with the research core category.

Introduction and objectives: Most of the nations and countries of the world do not have the same population composition and have ETHNIC diversity and plurality. ETHNIC IDENTITY is one of the intermediate identities in the new era, which is beyond individual IDENTITY and below national IDENTITY. Therefore, this IDENTITY has common elements such as; Culture, history, place, language, race, religion, etc. are with national IDENTITY. The issue of ETHNICity is one of the most complicated issues in various countries, and countries with social and ETHNIC diversity experience many challenges. Iran is also a multinational society that includes various cultural, linguistic and religious groups. What is extremely important in such societies is the creation and strengthening of national solidarity and at the same time preserving the diversity that can be seen in different fields in ETHNIC groups.Method: In order to investigate the two mentioned issues, the current research was conducted within the framework of quantitative method and with survey analysis. The statistical population is 299 Turkmen people and 127 Sistani people in different cities of Golestan province. Both ETHNIC groups are from 9 clans, which were filled in the questionnaires according to population balance. The data were analyzed in two descriptive and inferential levels, which in the descriptive level; frequency distribution and average and at the inferential level; Pearson's correlation coefficient and T-test were used. Also from theories; Modernization, relative deprivation, IDENTITY categorization were used as the theoretical framework.Findings: The results show that there are similarities and differences between Turkmens and Sistanis of Golestan province in terms of ETHNIC IDENTITY and national IDENTITY. In other words, although the ETHNIC tendencies among these two peoples are not very strong, they are more than average. But in a comparison, the statistics show that the tendency towards national IDENTITY and ETHNIC IDENTITY among the Turkmens of Golestan province was more than the average. On the other hand, in a comparison, there is a significant difference between the tendency towards ETHNIC IDENTITY and national IDENTITY, and the average tendency towards ETHNIC IDENTITY among these peoples is more than the tendency towards national IDENTITY. Regarding the Sistanis, these statistics show that the tendency towards national IDENTITY and ETHNIC IDENTITY among the Sistanis of Golestan province is higher than the average. Moreover, in a comparison, there is a significant difference between the tendency towards ETHNIC IDENTITY and national IDENTITY, and the average tendency towards national IDENTITY among these ETHNIC groups is more than the tendency towards ETHNIC IDENTITY. In general, the results show the relative weakness of understanding the dimensions of history among these peoples, which reveals the lack of education in the relevant fields for these peoples. At the same time, the structural limitations in the introduction and retelling of the IDENTITY and dominance of the macro culture have led the ETHNIC groups (especially the small population ETHNIC groups) to a reluctance and neglect to preserve and introduce their ETHNIC history, which is somehow caused by ETHNIC isolation.Conclusion: Therefore, in the light of cognitive, emotional and value elements, and in order to preserve ETHNIC diversity, ETHNIC re-reading should be done for these ETHNIC groups. On the other hand, deprivations and social gaps in the light of ETHNIC attitudes can provoke ETHNIC conflicts and tensions, which is also important with the fair establishment of social rights, not only a barrier to the feeling of discrimination and dissatisfaction and ETHNIC tensions arising from it. rather, it strengthened the ETHNIC harmony in Iran's macro-society.

IDENTITY is one of the most basic human needs. Humans are directly confronted with this issue as soon as they become aware of it, but the important point is the effects of the environmental situation on IDENTITY changes. Various factors affect the strengthening and weakening of collective identities. Recognizing these factors and measuring their status at the community level, in addition to being able to predict the future state of collective values, puts IDENTITY policy on a more precise and correct path. The present study aimed to predict modern IDENTITY based on national, ETHNIC and religious IDENTITY. The research community included all students of Tehran universities who were selected as a sample using 400 multi-stage cluster sampling method. The instrument used in the present study was the National and Social IDENTITY Questionnaire of Solgi et al. Simultaneous correlation and regression were used to analyze the data. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-25 software. The results showed that national, ETHNIC and religious identities have a positive and significant correlation with modern identities and also national, religious and ETHNIC identities have the ability to predict modern identities. Therefore, it can be said that modern IDENTITY is not a competitor for national, religious and ETHNIC IDENTITY.

The main objective of present paper is explanation of the relation between national IDENTITY and ETHNIC IDENTITY in Iran. This article with applying the Meta-analysis method, tries to draw an image and overview of the studies and their methodology. Sample of this article contains dissertation (and Ph.D. thesis) and papers published (and unpublished) during two last decades (1999- 2001 and 2002- 2011). Finding indicates that quantitative methods and especially survey methods are more popular and vastly applied in the researches. Theory of fundamental interaction, theory of internal colonialism, and school of renovation were applied as the theoretical framework. Result shows number of researches in 2002-2012 decade has been growth in compare to previous decade and is a reason for more attention to the subject by the experts in different branch of knowledge, but did not shape an interdisciplinary studies in the subject.